The neoplasms of bone account for only 0.2%–0.5% of the overall human tumour biology. The uncommonness of bone tumours has contributed to the paucity of the relative frequency, incidence rates and risk factors of the various subtypes of bone tumours. Most bone tumours arise de-novo from genetic mutations; but numerous risk factors such as chemotherapy, irradiation, foreign bodies, bone infarcts and pre-existing bone lesions have been implicated. The aetiology of bone cancers is better established than their benign counter parts. The classification of bone tumours by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 2013 has been developed with the framework and concept of the cellular origin which is widely accepted. This classification is based on the line of histological differentiation by reflecting the type of intercellular matrix material produced by the particular bone tumour. The evaluation and treatment of bone tumour is a crucial part of the core of orthopaedics. Bone tumours assume an aggressive course and prove to be more lethal, with extensive metastasis. The wide spectrum of these bone tumours, their diverse origins from the multiple cell types found in bones coupled with the tendency of these tumours to produce overlapping anatomic pattern, make osseous neoplasm a complicated but highly challenging area from the point of view of morphological diagnosis. In general, the incidence of bone and joint cancers are higher in whites than in blacks and higher in males than in females, with patients less than 20 years accounting for the majority of affected individuals. The management of tumours and tumour like lesions of bone pose a greater challenge for an orthopaedic surgeon in instituting treatment modalities. Since all the tumours share the same clinical features, the clinical diagnosis will be inconclusive and misguide in some instances while making diagnostic decisions. The tumour markers, metabolic panel (serum calcium, serum phosphates, serum alkaline phosphatase), special staining (Giemsa & Leishman) and immunohistochemistry of the tumour delineate the tumour lineage of specific variety. To trace out the exact diagnosis of bone tumours, cellular and tissue diagnosis is of utmost importance. The exact goal of tissue diagnosis is to obtain diagnostic tissue while minimizing morbidity, limiting potential tumour spread and avoiding interference with future treatment prospects. The successful diagnosis of bone tumour and its management depends on collaboration between the orthopaedic surgeon and the pathologist who determine the need for secondary biopsy in diagnosing bone and soft tissue tumours. Media contact: Stella Managing Editor Journal of Orthopedic Oncology. Email: orthooncol@emedscience.org What’s App: +1-947-333-4405